Printing - Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater
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ID： |
17B4503C8C8B4E0F905C00A40CDF5100 |
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文件大小(MB)： |
20.71 |
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页数： |
1761 |
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日期： |
2024-8-1 |
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文本摘录（文本识别可能有误，但文件阅览显示及打印正常，pdf文件可进行文字搜索定位）：
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater,? Copyright 1999 by American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, Water Environment,Federation,Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and,Wastewater 20th Edition,PREFACE TO THE TWENTIETH EDITION,The Nineteenth and Earlier Editions,The first edition of Standard Methods was published in 1905. Each subsequent edition,presented significant improvements of methodology and enlarged its scope to include,techniques suitable for examination of many types of samples encountered in the assessment,and control of water quality and water pollution.,A brief history of Standard Methods is of interest because of its contemporary relevance.,A movement for 憫securing the adoption of more uniform and efficient methods of water,analysis拻 led in the 1880抯 to the organization of a special committee of the Chemical,Section of American Association for the Advancement of Science. A report of this,committee, published in 1889, was entitled: A Method, in Part, for the Sanitary Examination,of Water, and for the Statement of Results, Offered for General Adoption.*#(1) Five topics,were covered: (1) 憫f ree拻 and 憫albuminoid拻 ammonia; (2) oxygen-consuming,capacity; (3) total nitrogen as nitrates and nitrites; (4) nitrogen as nitrites; and (5) statement,of results.,In 1895, members of the American Public Health Association, recognizing the need for,standard methods in the bacteriological examination of water, sponsored a convention of,bacteriologists to discuss the problem. As a result, an APHA committee was appointed 憫to,draw up procedures for the study of bacteria in a uniform manner and with special references,to the differentiation of species.拻 Submitted in 1897, #(2) the procedures found wide,acceptance.,In 1899, APHA appointed a Committee on Standard Methods of Water Analysis, charged,with the extension of standard procedures to all methods involved in the analysis of water.,The committee report, published in 1905, constituted the first edition of Standard Methods,(then entitled Standard Methods of Water Analysis). Physical, chemical, microscopic, and,bacteriological methods of water examination were included. In its letter of transmittal, the,Committee stated:,The methods of analysis presented in this report as 憫Standard M ethods拻 are,believed to represent the best current practice of American water analysts, and to be,generally applicable in connection with the ordinary problems of water purification,Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater,? Copyright 1999 by American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, Water Environment,Federation,sewage disposal and sanitary investigations. Analysts working on widely different,problems manifestly cannot use methods which are identical, and special problems,obviously require the methods best adapted to them; but, while recognizing these,facts, it yet remains true that sound progress in analytical work will advance in,proportion to the general adoption of methods which are reliable, uniform and,adequate.,It is said by some that standard methods within the field of applied science tend to,stifle investigations and that they retard true progress. If such standards are used in,the proper spirit, this ought not to be so. The Committee strongly desires that every,effort shall be continued to improve the techniques of water analysis and especially to,compare current methods with those herein recommended, where different, so that the,results obtained may be still more accurate and reliable than they are at present.,Revised and enlarged editions were published by APHA under the title Standard Methods,of Water Analysis in 1912 (Second Edition), 1917 (Third), 1920 (Fourth), and 1923 (Fifth). In,1925, the American Water Works Association joined APHA in publishing the Sixth Edition,which had the broader title, Standard Methods of the Examination of Water and Sewage.,Joint publication was continued in the Seventh Edition, dated 1933.,In 1935, the Federation of Sewage Works Associations (now the Water Environment,Federation) issued a committee report, 憫Stand ard Methods of Sewage Analysis.拻 #(3),With minor modifications, these methods were incorporated into the Eighth Edition (1936) of,Standard Methods, which was thus the first to provide methods for the examination of,憫sewages, effluents, industrial wastes, grossly polluted waters, sludges, and muds.拻 The,Ninth Edition, appearing in 1946, likewise contained these methods, and in the following,year the Federation became a full-fledged publishing partner. Since 1947, the work of the,Standard Metho……
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